TMJ is caused by a malfunction in the temporomandibular joint that connects the jawbone to the skull and enables proper movement of the jawbone. The most common symptom involves pain in the joint and the muscles that control the jaw’s movement, and those affected by TMJ may also experience difficulty moving their jawbone due to joint and muscle inflammation. Additional symptoms include ear pain, headaches, dizziness, and tenderness of the jaw. Although researchers have yet to identify a definitive cause of the disorder, they acknowledge that certain conditions can play a factor in its development, such as genetics, arthritis, and jaw injuries.
If left untreated, TMJ can progress into more serious complications. More debilitating symptoms range from persistent, shooting jaw pains and locking of the joint to hearing loss and migraines. Individuals may also become unable to open or close their mouth completely. Those who experience minor symptoms may not require treatment, but dental professionals encourage those with persisting concerns to seek help.
Treatment for TMJ depends largely upon the severity of the condition and the symptoms of the individual. Medications can help relieve pain, relax aching muscles, and aid with sleep loss due to clenched teeth. Dentists also recommend various types of therapy or oral splints. For more serious cases, surgery may be required.